20 Questions

Questions to Ask a Public Defender

Critical questions to ask your public defender to understand your case, rights, defense strategy, and next steps in the legal process.

1

What are the charges against me, and what do they mean?

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Why this works

Ensures you understand the specific legal allegations and their implications.

2

What are the possible penalties or consequences if I'm convicted?

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Why this works

Clarifies the stakes—jail time, fines, probation, or other impacts.

3

What is our defense strategy, and why is this the best approach?

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Why this works

Reveals the plan and whether your lawyer has thought through your case.

4

What evidence does the prosecution have, and how strong is their case?

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Why this works

Helps you understand the likelihood of conviction and leverage for negotiation.

5

Are there any weaknesses in the prosecution's case we can exploit?

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Why this works

Shows whether your defender is actively looking for ways to challenge the charges.

6

What are my options—trial, plea deal, or dismissal—and what do you recommend?

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Why this works

Clarifies available paths and your lawyer's professional judgment.

7

If we go to trial, what can I expect, and what are our chances?

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Why this works

Provides realistic expectations about the process and likely outcomes.

8

What is a plea deal, and is the prosecution offering one?

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Why this works

Explains the trade-offs of accepting a deal versus going to trial.

9

What are the pros and cons of accepting a plea versus going to trial?

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Why this works

Helps you weigh the risks and benefits of each option.

10

What is the timeline for my case, and what happens at each stage?

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Why this works

Clarifies the process so you know what to expect and when.

11

What do I need to do to prepare for court or trial?

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Why this works

Ensures you understand your responsibilities and how to present yourself.

12

Can you explain my rights and what I should or shouldn't say?

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Why this works

Protects you from self-incrimination and ensures you exercise your rights.

13

Will I need to testify, and what should I expect if I do?

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Why this works

Prepares you for what it's like to take the stand and be cross-examined.

14

Are there any witnesses, and how will they impact the case?

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Why this works

Identifies key testimony and whether it helps or hurts your defense.

15

What happens if I'm convicted? What are the next steps?

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Why this works

Prepares you for sentencing, appeals, or other post-conviction options.

16

Can this charge be reduced, dismissed, or expunged from my record later?

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Why this works

Explores long-term consequences and whether future relief is possible.

17

How will this affect my job, housing, immigration status, or other areas of my life?

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Why this works

Addresses collateral consequences beyond the criminal penalties.

18

How can I reach you, and how quickly will you respond?

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Why this works

Sets communication expectations so you know how to stay in touch.

19

Is there anything I should avoid doing while my case is pending?

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Why this works

Prevents mistakes that could hurt your case or make things worse.

20

What questions should I be asking that I haven't thought of?

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Why this works

Invites your lawyer to fill in gaps and educate you on overlooked issues.

Working with a Public Defender

Expert tips and techniques for getting the most out of these questions.

Understanding Public Defenders

Public defenders are real lawyers with the same training as private attorneys.
They're often overworked with large caseloads, so be patient and prepared.
They know the local courts, judges, and prosecutors—use that insider knowledge.
You have the right to competent representation, even if it's free.

How to Communicate Effectively

Be honest—your lawyer can't help if you hide important facts.
Take notes during meetings so you remember what was discussed.
Ask for clarification if you don't understand legal terms or strategy.
Follow your lawyer's advice and show up to all court dates on time.

If You Have Concerns

1
Address issues directly with your lawyer first—miscommunication is common.
2
If problems persist, ask to speak with their supervisor or the public defender's office.
3
You can request a different lawyer if there's a conflict or breakdown in trust.
4
Document all communication and meetings in case you need to escalate later.

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