20 Questions

Questions to Ask a Smart Person

Insightful questions to ask intelligent, accomplished, or wise individuals to extract their mental models, decision-making frameworks, learning strategies, and hard-won lessons—maximizing the value of your time with them.

1

What's a belief you held strongly that you've completely changed your mind about?

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Why this works

Reveals intellectual humility and how they update their worldview.

2

How do you approach learning something completely new outside your expertise?

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Why this works

Uncovers meta-learning strategies and how they build competence.

3

What mental models or frameworks do you use most often in decision-making?

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Why this works

Surfaces the thinking tools that guide their choices.

4

What's the most counterintuitive thing you've learned in your field?

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Why this works

Identifies insights that challenge conventional wisdom.

5

What questions do you ask yourself when facing a difficult decision?

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Why this works

Reveals their decision-making process and values.

6

What book, person, or experience has most shaped how you think?

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Why this works

Traces intellectual influences and formative moments.

7

What do you know now that you wish you'd known 10 years ago?

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Why this works

Distills hard-won wisdom into actionable hindsight.

8

How do you separate signal from noise when evaluating information?

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Why this works

Shows how they filter for quality and truth in an information-saturated world.

9

What's a widely accepted idea in your field that you think is wrong?

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Why this works

Reveals contrarian thinking and where they see blind spots.

10

How do you balance confidence with intellectual humility?

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Why this works

Explores the tension between conviction and openness to being wrong.

11

What habits or routines contribute most to your effectiveness?

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Why this works

Identifies practical behaviors that compound success.

12

What's something you're still trying to figure out or struggling with?

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Why this works

Humanizes them and shows ongoing growth areas.

13

How do you evaluate whether you're making progress on what matters most?

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Why this works

Reveals their metrics for meaningful success.

14

What's the best advice you've ever received, and why did it stick?

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Why this works

Surfaces timeless wisdom they found transformative.

15

What questions should I be asking that I'm not?

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Why this works

Invites them to identify blind spots or important topics you've overlooked.

16

What's a skill or area of knowledge you think more people should invest in?

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Why this works

Highlights undervalued competencies or disciplines.

17

How do you think about risk and making decisions with incomplete information?

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Why this works

Explores their approach to uncertainty and calculated bets.

18

What's the worst advice you've ever received or followed?

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Why this works

Offers cautionary tales and lessons from mistakes.

19

If you could go back and give advice to your younger self, what would it be?

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Why this works

Synthesizes lessons into guidance you can apply now.

20

What are you optimistic and pessimistic about for the future?

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Why this works

Reveals their worldview, concerns, and where they see opportunity.

Maximizing Conversations with Brilliant People

Expert tips and techniques for getting the most out of these questions.

Best Practices

Ask About Process, Not Just Results

How they think is more valuable than what they've achieved—focus on mental models and decision-making.

Follow the Energy

Notice what they light up about and dig deeper there—passion reveals insight.

Take Notes and Reflect

Capture key ideas immediately and review later to extract actionable lessons.

Question Categories for Deep Learning

Mental Models

1
What frameworks do you use to make decisions?
2
How do you think about trade-offs?
3
What heuristics guide your judgment?

Learning & Growth

1
How do you approach learning new things?
2
What mistakes taught you the most?
3
What's something you're currently learning?

Worldview & Philosophy

1
What beliefs have you changed your mind about?
2
What do you think most people misunderstand?
3
What are you optimistic about?

Common Pitfalls

Asking Generic, Googleable Questions

Don't waste face time on facts you could look up—ask for experiences, insights, and wisdom.

Turning It Into a Debate

You're there to learn, not prove yourself—be curious, not combative.

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